Signaling system.



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S. CABOT.

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Patented Sept 22, 19H8.

WITVIEIS E5 S. CABOT.

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S. CABOT.

SIGNALING SYSTEM. nmonxol man nu. xo, nos. 899,242.

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UNITED slarizs P'AjrENT OFFICE.

SEWALL CABOT, OF UROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO STONE TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

IIOHALING IYBTIK.

lpadoation o! Letton Patent.

To all whom it may concern.' c

-Be it known that I, Siswati. Cano'r, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Brookline, in the county of Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new und useful Improvement in Signaling Systems, of which the following is aspeoifi'cation.

My invention relates to the art of transmittin f intelligence from onel station to onothcr y means of electr-oma neticwaves, without the nscof wires to guide the waves to their destination and it relates more particiilarly to a complete system for transmitting and receiving such waves, which may be operated by and in connection with existing wire telegriph lines..

The general object of my invention is to provide a wireless telegraph system which may be operated by an in connection n ith existing wire tele apli systems without changing any vol tie operating),` features of auch wire te egraph systems, but maintaining said operatti'g features in their present form as in use ay in the present state -of development of commercial wire telegraph' systems.

Another-object of my invention is to provide a wireless telegraph transmitting systcm which may be operated by a wire tdegrapli transmitting operator located at a distance from said system; anda wireless telegraph receivin system, located atv thesame station as sai transmitting system or at a dillcrent station, which may operate a sounder or other wire telegraph receivin apparatus located at `a distance vfrom sai mediary of ii twofweyfdiplex wireless tele-v grophrclaying system comprising a diplcx receiving system connected hy a relatively short wire line ton d-i'plex transmitting re# ceiving system and which may be located aty system (di lex relayed transmission); by means of wliich more than two wireless telegraph messages, transmitted simultaneousl f or otherwise may be vsimilarly relayed (mu ti le relayed transmission) by means of w iich a message sent from one station may he relayed to another station, and a message sent from the latter muy at the same time Yatanted lapti, 1908.

be relayed to the former (duplex relayed transmission); vbymeans of whicha duplex wireless system,'which may be provided with a two-way duplex wireless relaying system, muy repeat into c duplex wire line orinto two single wires,'-and, 'converselyz said duplex wire line or said two single wire lines may operate said duplex wireless system; by means 'of which a quadru lex wireless system,

which may be provi ed with a quadruplex wireless relaying system may repeat into or he controlled by two duplex wire llines or four singlc'wim lines; by means of which said quadruplex wireless system may repeat into or he controlled hy a quadru lcx wire line; and in general, to employ wire ess telegraph? to supplement 'existing duplex, diplcx, nui tiplex and qinidruplcx wire. telegraph lines in any and all possible ways, sonic of which are hereinafter set forth in the present application and others of which are set forth in my application Serial Nos. 305,260, 305,261, and 305,262, filed simultaneously herewith.

Other objects of my invention will hereinafter ap ear and will he particularly pointed oiit'in t ie appended claims.

lwireless teli-graph receiving system nl n station, a two-way multiplex wireless telegraph relaying system lof'ntod nl n distnnrc from said sliilioii, und n innlliplex wireless lele graph trsiisniitllntY system und ii mulliplex wirelesslelcgraplrrecciving systenial ono'lherI station located il n'distence from siiid rclny- Fig. l isn sehen-ntie view of n wireless teleabove sapee Eig. is a schematic view of a double due5 cuit arrangements of one ofthe two duplex lpendently of such systems, en `byvmeans of ra hs stem wliicliina he operated brand iii gonnyection with exiiiting wire telegra h systems, or which may be o Vrated iii ependently of such systems, an hy means of which two wireless telegraph messages transinitted simultaneously or otherwise in the saine direction hy a diplex trsnsiiiittings stem may lie automatically relayed in eit ier direction to a diplex receiving system throughv the intermediary of a two-way diplex wireless telegraph relaying system comprising a diplex receiving s stem connected hy a relatively short wire lineto a diplex transmitting system; or by means of which a message sent from one station may .be rela ed to another station and a message sent rom. the latter may at the same time be rela ed to the former; or by meansof whicha t uple'x wireless system, which may be provided with atwoway du lex wireless relaying system, may repeat into two single wire ines and conversely said two sin le wire lines may operate said duplex wire ess system.

Fig. 2 is a dia am showi the circuit arrar ments of t e diplex or uplex terminal" station lettered X in the scheme shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the circuit arrangements of t e two-way` diplex or duplex wireless relayin system lettered Y in the scheme shown in ig. 1;and Fig. 4 is a diagram showin the circuit arrangements of the di lex or uplex terminal station lettered in the scheine shown in Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is aschematic view of'a wireless telegrap system which may be operated by and in connection with existing wire telegraph systems, or which may be o rated in which more than two wireless telegraph messages transmitted simultaneously or otherwise in the same or in opposite directions may be rela ed in a manner similar to that ed in connection with Fig. 1.

plex wireless system which may be operated y and in connection with existing duplex wire telegraph-systems, or which may be operated indepeni ently of such systems; by means of which two messages may be transmitted simultaneously or otherwise in one direction and at the same time two messages may be Areceived simultaneously or otherwise from the'op ite direction, and which, as shown, is rovided with a two-way doubleduplex wire ess relayingsystemgand which if operated by and in connection withexisting wire telegraph systems may repeat into two duplex wire telegraph lines and moy in turn be operated by said duplex wire lines.

Fig. 7 is a diagram showing the circuit arrangements of s. duplex wireless telegrs h system which may'repeat into a duplex wire line and which may be operated liy said duplex wire liiie. Fig. 7 shows in detail tin` ciry man systems shown schematically at X in Fig. u, t ie two said du lex s stoms constituting thv aforesaid doiib v-dup ex system.

Fig. 8 is a schematic view showin f n moditication of the system outlined in `ig. 6, in which the double-duplex wireless s 'stem ropeats into four singlewirelim-,s am which in lturn may he operated hy said four siiiglcwiro Ines.

Fig. i) is a 'diagram showing the circuit srrangeinents of 'one of the two duplex win-.loss systems shown schematically in Fig. 8, the two said duplex systems constituting tho aforesaid double-du lex system referred to in connection with ig.v 8. l Fig. 9 therefore represents a duplex wireless system which may repeat into two single wire, lines and which in turn may he operated by said two sin 'le wire lines.

ig. l0 is a schematic viewl of a quadruplex or double-duplex wireless telegraph system which may he operated by or in connection with existing quadruplex wire telegra li systems, or which may vhe operated ini ependently of such systems; which, ii operated in connection with such systems, mu repent into or he controlled by s qnadrup rx wire line; and which as shown is provided with a two-way douhle duplex yor qusdruplcx wireless relaying system loented at a point intermediate of two terminal ruadruplex wireless systems; Fig. il is a ..isgrsiu showing the circuit arrangements of the terminal stsn the figures, V represents anelevated transmitting conductor, V represents sn vlcvated receiving conductor, la represents un earth connection, M represents a transformer Ll L, represent transformer' primaries and secundarios, respectively, represents n condenser, R represents s resistance, B reprosents a battery, l represents un oscillation detector, K representen key, S represents s. sparlt'gap, A represents un alternating rurrent generator or other suitable source of vibratory current, l represents ii wii'il tologrs ih line, and Il is s symbol employed iii tlie aforesaid schematic views to represent the wireless apparatus and the ineens associating it with awire telegraph line and with an clevated conductor; und the various elements represented by thev aforesaid reference churacters are-distinguishediroin each other uccordin providing said rc cronoo diurni-tels with exnents and subscripts. The vurious symliiils Tw T., etc., placed opposite the several elevated transmitting conductors indicato that electroiimgiictic signal we vos oi` irifpioiicies represented hy the ss-iitraiily chosen to their positions and functions by v hols 11 R, ete., placed opposite the several elevated receiving conductors indicate in like manner that such receiving conductors are made highly rcsponsivevto the aforesaid fr iiencies.

y manipulatinrths keys K K' at the siation lettered :i: in l, two messages may be transmitted simu taneously or otherwise from the -terminalwireless station X to the terminal wireless station Z, either with or without the interposition of the relaying system Y, and in like manner two messages may he transmitted from the terminal wireless station lettered Z to the terminal wireless station X by manipulating the keys K K at station s; or one message mav be transmitted from station X to station Z hy operating the key K at z and at the saine time a message may be transmitted from station Z to station X by operatin the key K' at z, and as in the ease of dip ox transmission, anch duplex transmission may he elleeted with or-wiihout the interpositioii of the relaying system Y.

l shall deserilie the sys-teni shown in Fig. 1 on the iissumpion that the relaying system Y is employed. ln suoli ease the method employed hy nie for relaying signals is essentia ly the saine as that desei-ilwd in the pntent to Stone No. 717,510, dated Der. 30, 1902, to which reference-may he had.

In 1, as in all other figures showing the termina wireless stations X and Z, the conductors I, I', etc. coiin'ecting'thc keys K 'K' etc. at z and s with said terminal wireless stations may be wire telegraph lines, in which case the points marked a: and z represent wire telegraph stations; or, es more fully exlained in my application Serial Number 05,260, filed simultaneously herewith, said conductors may be shortlengiha of wire, and the keys K K etc. and their associated npparatus in such case are loi-.ated in tho wire-` ess telegra h station houses eontainiin;r the wireless te egra ih transrnitiing,r apparatus re )resented by't e symbols il ll ete.

efei'ring to 2, which shows in detail,

one arrangement of apparatus and circuits which may be employed at X and a' of liig. 1, V represents an elevated eondnetor conncctod to earth nt E throuf'h the parallel brunch circuits C, L, C, L, and the seeondaries ot the transfonners M M. The elevated transmitting conductor system V E is so constructed, preferabl yin the innnner described in the patent to i tone, No. S02,4.f0, 0ct. 24, 1905, as to be highl res ionsive to persistent trains of electrica oscillations of two quencies, represented by thenumerals 10 and 7, which are developed therein by the sonorous or persistently oscillating cir-Y cuitos C M SCC M'. The primary power circuitsv which include the generators` A A and the primaries of the transformers .\1, 51,',

respectively, are normally held openhy the armatures 13 '13' which are held-'against their The resonant receivm r circuits L, la f rearo attuned respective yto the aforesai quencies represented by the numerals 5 and 3. The oscillation detectors P P' may be of any suitable type and which herein are showns consisting of Wollaston anodes immersed in electrolyte, may be associated. with said resonant receiving circuits, reapeen which tively, in any suitable manner, and as shown they are connected .across the terminals of the condensers 0 0,', respectively. The armatures 3, 3', of the magnets 2, 2', and the.

front contacts of said armatures, together:

with the windings of the ma ynets 5, 5', and the adjustable resistances lt are included in circuit with the oscillation detectors P P' respectively. The condenscrs Cl 0, may'if desired he .employed for increasing the capacity of the aforesaid circuits.

The conductors I 1' which as shown may be connected to earth nt their terminals in-I clude respectively the batteries B B', the windings of the relays 8, 8', the keys K K', the windings of the magnets 1,' 1', thewindings ofthe magnets 2, 2', the armatures 6, tiv of thefinagncts o, 5'., and the heck contacts nl' said aiiiintni'es.v Connected. across the armatures (i, (i, and their hack contacts are the resistanees ll, lt, and normally, as Shown, said resistanees are short-rirciiited by said armatures. 'lhe circuit of the conductors I I and the batteries B B normally are closed .so tlm t the relays 8, 8', and the inagnets 1, 2, andi', 2', normally are energized. The normally energized relays 8, 8', normolly energize their associated sounder eirc'uits, as'sliown in detail in connection with the relay 8', the armature Ae0 of which normali is held against its front contact thereliy (Shining the circuit of the sonniler 8l' and thereby causing tliehiiniiner 32' to iioriinilly rest upon its` anvil. lt will be understood that the apparatus associated with and eontrollcd by the relay 8 is identical with that shown in detail in connection with the relay "l When either key K oi' li' is opened, the magnets 8, S', 1, 1', and 2, 2, respectively', are deenergized.` The denergiziition oi the iiingnets R. 8', muws the. sounder ham- `iners, one of which in shown'iitul, to risc;

the d'einergization lof the iiingiiets 1,' 1'., causes the enorgization of tho sonoroiis eircuits lmd the consequcntrmliation of waves lowing frequencies represented arbitrarily by "l0" and "7"; the dciiergiziition ol th'.` magnets 2, 2'- whicli dcnergization may occur slightly before the closure of the primary power circuits, resulta in opening the circuits of the oscillation responsive devices P P', so sato prevent any in u to said-deviceab excessive currents w Vic i may lie develo in the circuits of said devices by the waves radiated from thesystcm V The resistanccs R, R, and the windings of the relays 8, 8', the windin of the magnets 1, 1', and the windings o the magnets 2, 2', are so proportioned that when the magnets 5, 5', are energized by the operation of the detectors P I and their armatures 6, 6', are attracted thereby cutting the resietances R, R, into circuit, the armatiiresof the mag"- nets 2, 2', and l, l', do not fall hack but the relays 8, 8', are deenergized .thereby permitting the springs of the associated sounder hammers to raise such haiin'iiers to their up ato is.

eferring to Fig. 3, which shows in detail one arrangement of ap aratus and circuits which may be employe at the relaying station lettered Y in Fig. 1, V, represents an elevated receiviifg conductor connected to earth at E thx-ou h the parallel branch circuits C, 14,", C, 4"' sothat the receiving conductor system V, E is made highly responsive to, ersistent trains of e ectrical oscillations o two fre uencics, represented by the numerals 10 an 7, developed therein by persistent trains of electromagnetic waves of said frequencies. The resonant receiving circuits L," C., L," are attuned respectively to said frequencies. Associated with said circuits are the detectors P, I,V

. each includir'gxin its circuit one of the magnets 9, 9'. e condensers CC" perform the same functions as the condensers C, (1, already described in connection with Fig. 2.

The elevated transmitting conductor s stem consisting of the elevated conductor the parallel branch circuits C', 14,', (2," 14,", and the secundarios of tho transformers M, MJ, is inade highly responsive to persistent trains of electrical oscillations of two freuencies, represented by the numerals 5 an 3, which are developed therein by the sonoroua circuits S, C, M,l i 0,' M., rca tively. The primar power circuits inclihling the generators A,"snd the primariesof the transformers, M, MJ, ifi-.spectively, are normali held open by the armatures 12, 12', w 'chare normally held ainst their bacl: stops by theirv spii e m .ets 1i, 1l normally being 2- energi Aa more fully explained in my a iplication' Serial Number 305,262'filed simu tancoiisly herewith, the elevated conductors V V' of the relaying system may he located in the fr uencies seems contacts of the armatures i0, 10', of the inagnets 9, 9. v y

'lhe way station a paratus at y-oonsists of the switches 4, 4' w ich normallyarc open and li means of which the back-.contact keys vK, and their associated batteries B, 13, may be connected to the wires I, 1,', and consists further in the relays 7, 7 with their associated soundeijs, one of vwhich is shown in detailin connection with the relay 7'. The' relay 7' beingnormally denergized, its armature is normally held against its-back contact so that the sounder 7l is normally ene 'sed and the sounder hammer 72 is noi-nia y held en its anvil.

In: Fig. 4 which shows in detail one arrangement of apparatus and circuits which may be' employe at Z and z of Fig. l, the elevatedA transmitting conductor system V E is made highly responsive to persistent trains of electrical oscillations of the aforesaid two fre uencies, represented by the numerals 10 an 7, which are developed therein by the sonorous circuits S C M, S' C' M'; and the elevated receiving condu tor system V, E is made highl vrcs omive ersistent trains of electrica osci ations of t e aforesaid two represented by the numerals 5 an 3, deve oped therein by persistent trains of electromagnetic waves of said'frequencies.v

1t will be noted that `the apparatus at the terminal station Z is identical with that above (inscrits-,d at the terminal station X and that thc apparatus at the point or sta-v tion z, which may be a wire telegraph station, or which may be located in the saine station house as that in which the transmitting apparatus shown in Fig. 4 is located, is identical with the apparatus at the point or station 2:.

The operation is as follows, mference bein had to big. 1 for the general descri tion an to Fi?, tion: it is desired to send a message from X to Z, either-'key K or K is opened, and as .suming that the' key Kiis opened, electroare 'converted into back-strokeMorse`wirelese signale by the apparatus H,', said wireless signals being transmitteu from the transniittin conductor 'V' b `waves of frequency "3 The back-stro e-Morse wirelesa signals transmitted by waves of said-frev2, 3 and 4 furthe details descrip.

iiol

quency "3" are received ati/J by the reccivf ing conductor V1 and, by means of the apparatus 11, at Z, are converted into frontstroke-lvlorse wire signals in the line l and operate relay8'. Similarly if the key K at .r is operated, front-stroke-Morse wire signals are transmitted along the conductor l, are converted by the apparatus H into back-stroke- Morse wireless signals radiated by waves of frequency l0, said waves are received at Y by the conductor V arev converted into front-stroks-Morse wire signals at u and eilect the radiation ot hack-strolwdtlirse wireless signals from the conductor V', f-:aid wireless signals be' transmitted by waves of lfrequency 5, aid waves arc received at Z by the receiving conductor V are coaverted by the apparatusll, at Z into frontstrokcorne wire si 'nals in the condiwtor l and cause the operationofrthe relay S and its associated apparatus. v

It will be understood of course that thi` relaying system Y is employed only when the distance separating the terminal stations X and Y is too great te be bridged by direct wireless transmission. The station X. may be situated, for example, on the outskirtsof New York cit the transmitting*r and receiving systems o the relaying s .stem Y may be situated on opposite sides o the cit f of Yew Haven, 'and the terminal station 'i may be situated on the outskirts of Boston. The wire tele raph stations z and 2 may be located at ong distances from their respective wireless stations, bein connected therewithby the wire telegraph mes l, I', or they may j be located in the same station house as the transmittin apparatus of said wireless stations X am Z, the lines Ix l case short conductors. 'l he advantage of employin said conductors I, I'eonnecting the ke s K.' with the transmitting ap aratus. t H has been more fully explaineriin my a plication Serial Numbei305,20, tiled simu taneouly herewith and is, that thereby back-strokeorse wireless signals and f rontstroke-ltiorse wire signals maybe mutually intcrconverted. In order to take cai-cof thc traliic from stations X and Z to the city on the outskirts of which the wireless transmitting and receiving s stems of the relaying system Y are locate the way station i/ is provided in said city and the way station apparatus is connected with the wireless transmitting and receiving systems of the relaying system by the conductors I,v 1,. -When the way station operator hears the call for his statiomhe connects his key K, or KJ with the line ll or 1, by throwing the switch 4 or 4 and roceeds to communicate with the station or Z or-x or z, whicliihas called him, in the usual way. i lt. will be obvious that either one of any pair of operators can break the other in the same manner as in being in auchy whe tclceraphy', namcly by the simple tix-v pvdicntoli opening his key.

From the foregointr it will bil/seen that both the keys K K may be operated at the same time at either station z er the station z,

and that the two keys K, and K, at the station y also may be operated simultaneously. Also it will be seen that the key K at station s ma be operated at the same timathat the key at station z is operated', or that duplex transmission may take place between :c and y. or between z and y.

The particular operations effected in order to accom dish the methods of signaling' above describe in.l connection with the com lets transmission system shown schematical y in Fi l may be understood by having reference to ihis, 2, 3 and fr. 'lhese operations will'fbo explained in connection. with the operation 0f kcy K at station :c and key li at station-yl it being understoodthat the ex lanation applies also to the operation of t e several other keys. When the key li is opened' the normally energized, me ynets 8', 1 and 2' are'deenergized, the sonia er hammer B2 rises, the armature i3 closes the ower circuit including the generator A. an a train of waves of frequency 7 is radiated, andthe armature 3 opens the circuit of the detector P'. Said wwvcs of frequency 7, create oscillations in the receiving; conductos V, at Y and-these oscillations are selectively received by the resonant receivingr circuit L, (3,' and operate'tihe detector 1),. The operation oi said detector energizes the wireless telegraph relay 9', which relay may he any suitably constructed apparatus although it is reprresented merely conventionally in Fig. 3. he energization of said relav 9 closesthl ciroiiit`l oi the conductor Il tlirough the battery 5,' and thereby effects theenergization' o the magnets 7 and 11". The energize/tion of' the ma et 7' opensthe circuit ofA the sounder 71 and causes the sounder hammer 72 to rise. The energization of' the ma et 11.' closes the circuit ol' the generator A, and effects thereby thel radiationof waves offre quonc ".3 from the transmitting conductor V Said waves of fre ucncy 3 create .oscillations of corresponding i'equency in the` back and opens tbo'circuit of the sounder 8l' thereby cansino` the`l sounder hammer 82 to risc. `he current, however, in the circuit of the conductor I' and battery B is ectsufii- Ysns in contact with their A-it again, seid opening erslsounders oiently reduced to permit the armaturen 3 and )3' to fall hsev and thereby o .n the circuit ui the detector P' and close he circuit of the generator A', respectively. Y The operator at the key K is now read to eend his m and his own sounder 8 as well ss the sounder 7l' st the way station y and the sounder 8l' st the tenninsl station: are all leenergized and therefore in condition to respond to the movements of his key K'.Y In this connection it is to be noted that the particulsr ment' of front and back contect keys sn relays, as well es the .apparatus for converting front-stroke wire into back-stroke wireless and vice. versa in such that all the sounders associa' ted with.the?s tem shown in F' l follow synchronously he movements of t signaling keys, in the csseofitraightoutwire A' The operator st key K' at z, having'opened sndhs thelebyplacedallsounden v movements of vkey in to such movements, now closes his key said closure the beof s element, and then opens olaslgnslelementsndinviewofthe oregoingitwillbeseenthathisownsounderhamas sounder hammers 72' at s strike their anvils when the riss therefrom to their ed. Itwill X is closed and the several sounder hammers o tive anvils, theclreuit oi the generator A' is radiation of wav'es from V oeaae'e, the magthe circuit of the detecter P' is closed, excitation of the responder at Y casses, the armature 10 falleback, the Isley 7' is dcenergixed, the magnet 11 h the circuit of the generator A,' 'l opened, the radiation of wavee'of frequm "8" from V' ceases, the return to a condition of detector P' st, Z causes tion of isretrac sndthereby St't stetirn a ene soun er ammsr82dloiitssnvl'. f h k K y su uentopenmg' otee 'at station X to y iects the same operations ss the aforesaid openingofssid key atthebsginningof trans` m'nion which ss above stated uta'the sevin condition to fo low the aubssweiit movements of said ke n the operator at key at the way station y hears his sounder 72' spell out the call of his station, he connects hm backcoutact h to the conductorL' b v throwing his swi h and then by the operation of his above stated by-sn operator at:

' the com letion lspy'i'ropr-istol Ychoosin opened, the develo d;

t 5f, the relay 6', ort-circuits; thereoomplete the signal element, ei-

own ke his sounder, as wel! anthem nt r and y fiyiliow e ohronmmly tlus nmvenwnm of asul key. stroke-Morse wire signal which are converted into beck-stroke-Mnrae wirclcee signale radiated by waves of frequency "3 from the vertical V and said wavee are selectively received st X and Zand canne the operation of the sounders 82 atx sndz.

The operation of breaking" ie ellected ae 1 hek F ieiiriim' yo nm e or'exam t eolexetolleat t e ke st z fails to Bnderstsndl s signal sent to him by the oerator at key K st :c or by the operator at les K, at y, ssid operator st s opens his key thereby deensrgiaing the magnets l' and 2' and consequently sendi a"fbreak signal by radiat ing waves of venray 7 vfrom the elevated conductor at Z, and st the same time opening the circuit ol' the detector P' st Z. Seid 'fbresk" signal waves are re, ceived by the operator at the key Rf at y when beck contact key K,' 'u o n, i. e., when his battery B.' is diaconnec from his line 1, and they are received by the operator st ltey K at z when eaid o tors key is closed, i. e., when said key is in its normal tion es shown in Fig. 2, and the sounder emmer 82' rests upon its anvil, In other wordsesch of the operators at y or: receives the "break" signal from s while sendhis own s lelements.

t is not s lutsl neccessary to emglo the magnets 2, 2' an their armatures to o n thevoircuits of the detectors P Il at stations X sndZ during transmission, forby the frequencies of the oscillations by the eonorous cir cuits associated with the elevated transmitting conductor syeteme'VE and the frequencies of the oscillstion to which the renonant receiving circute associated with the elevated receiving conductor e teme V, E

are attuned and by suilieient y aeparsting V, E from v E, the trsnsmieeion of the frequenciesrepreeented by the numerals 10 and 7 will not effect the reeponse ot the detectors P P' each of which is associated with a resonant receiving circuit selective to the .frequencies represented bythe numerals 5 and 3, respectively. Furthermore even if esid magnete 2, 2 are employed, it will be noted that when key K is opened und waves of uoncy "10 are transmitted, the circuit o res nder P'is not opened and said responder is not protected from any currents which may be devolo din its circuit by said wavee. It is desire ile, therefore, in order to prevent the operation of detector P and the resulting operation of. relay 8' by waves ol uency"10"' transmitted `from the elevated conductor V when the key K is opened, to make the frequencies 10" and "3. as different ae ie neveeenry for euch purl y his key he tram-imite front-` aus Y make the frequencies "7" and 5 se dillor-v In lieu of sending three messages from :e to z wireless system may be operatively associated with two existing dup `systemsyor which may be operated indepose; and in likeinamior il, is desirable lo ent as is necessary in order to prevent thc operation of the responder P .andthe-resulting operation of relay 8 by waves vof frequency 7 transmitted. from the elevated conduc-V tor V` when the key K is opened. An extension of the system outlined in'r Fig. 1 whereby more than two, namely three, wireless telegraph messages may be transmitted in accordance with the principles above outlined, is shown schematically in Fi 5. The o eration of the system shown ingliig. 5 will ge understood in view of the foregoing detailed description .of .Fig 1. Sufhce it to ,say inregard to Fig. 5 that the ke s K, K', K `at :e may simultaneously or ot erwise be opera-ted to cause the radiation from the elevated conductor V of waves of frequencies 10, 7, and 4, which nre. received by theelevated conductor V at Y and by means of the apparatus re iresented by II, IL 11,", the lines I II, and the apparatus represented by li PLI, the are converte into waves of frequencies 5' 3", 1", which later waves are received by the receiving conductor V, at Z and eil'cct the operation' of the relays 8, 8', 8". As in the s 'stem above described in connection with `ig. 1, the way station operators at y ma ut themselves into communication wit t e 'terminal station operators at :i: and z, and vice versa, and any operator may break the operator transmitting to him.

and vice versa, two messages may be sent from :c by two keys, say K and K', toopernte the sounders 8, 8 at z at the same time that a message is being sent from z to x by the key K at'z to operate the relay 8 at :c and vice versa. Furthermore it will be understood that the rela 'ng system Y is empkloyed only when t e distance separating 1' and Z is too great to be bridged by direct wireless transmission. In case said relaying system is not ern loyed, it will of course be understood that t e vreceiving system of station Z will be made selective to frequencies 10, 7 and 4, and that the transmitting s stem at station Z will radiate waves of requencies 5", 3 and 1 The system outlined in Fi 6 represents an extension of the system s iown in Fi I and by it va double duplex or quadruglex A cx wire telegraph systems so that i-t may be operated by said wire' systems and in turn may operate said pendently of said wire systems; and hy means of which-'two messages may be transmitted simultaneously or otherwise lin one direction, as from X to Z, at the same time stitute continuitythat two messages are being received simultaneously or otherwise from the opposite bols il ll, ete. represent tlienvirchnsa` tele- Vgra h transmitting and receiving 'irviuts an( the means whereby auch vin-nils nro associated with ,the elevated transmitting and receiving conductors.

The details of the circuit arrangements of one of the du lex systems indicated in Fig. 6 are shown in ig. 7, and it will be understood that the other of the-two duplex systems making up the doubleduplcx system is identical with that shown in `ig. 7.

In Fi 1. 7 theline I1| maybe an existinfr duplex wire tc egraph line or it may he, es a ovv cxplained iii-connection with the conductors` I' of Fig. 1, merely a short conductor which does not extend outside thc station house which includes the wireless transmitting spparatusof station' X and the key K. The rccoiviiig relay 14 and the transmitting relay 16 are bridged across two equipetential points in the duplex system I, in the usual manner. The ke K with its shuntiiig resistance R, as -well'as the armature 19 of the relay 18 with its shunting resistance R, conpreserving ke rs, and for them may be substituted any o the mori` usual transmitting,r devices of the character commonl employed in duplex wire telegraphy. he resistances R, R, at each termina of the duplex system are the bridge olements commonly employed in du lex teleg- VandY V15,- 15 y are the arti icial lines whcreii f the two sides of the duplex system are ba anced. It will now be understood that the closure of the normally o wn key li short-circuits the resistance R, t ercby increasing the current through the relay I6v and causin the armature- 17 of said relay to close the circuit of the generator A through the primary of the transformer M, and encrgizin v the sonorous circuit S C M.- The closure o the K however does not operate the n ceiving relay 14. When waves of the frequency to which the resonant receiving cir cuit L, C, is attuned impinge'upon the receiving conductor V,. the operation of the detector I causes the cnergiziition ofthe relay 18A land the attraction of the armature 19 thercof, thereby short-circuiting the rosistanml li, and increasing thereby the current through the receiving relay 14 siillciently to 'operato the saine. The closure of 'the armature 19 on its front contact, however, does not opvrate therelay 1G, It will be understood that the duplex wireless system shown in Fig. 7 muy ho operata-.d in conjunction with niiother syetriii nt n distant station which is 'identical with it or,.as shown in Fig. (l, that twosuch duplex systems'msy he combined at a station,such as X and Il, thus constiiuilng a double-duplex or quadruple); systoni und that the relaying system Y Y msv lm iiitvqmsvd lwtween sind :it-stione A ond Z. iii view of the foregoing description of F i, 2, :i smi 4 snd Fig. 7, the o erstion of t ne system shown in Pig. wil be sp trent. Assuming thst the system is oporste t0 its full capacity, the operators st e s K l st z msnipulste their keys snd r iste signs! waves of frequencies 10 and .7", respectively; these waves come into the receiving side of the reis system Y snd ore converted intowireless signsls rsdisted by waves frequencies "4 snd l; the I stter weven srs received selectively by the receiving conductor V," snd its sssocisted sppsrstus, re resented by H, and .`H, st Z, snd

nre trsns sted into wire lignei st the relays, -14 snd 14'. At

the saine time thst the operstors st :r sresending their signals the two operstors at.: by msnipulntiplg their keys csuee the elevstod conductor to radiste wsvesof frequencies 8 and 6 which wsves come into the receiving side o the reis system Y' and bythe apparatus indics st H, H, and the sppsratus indicsted st. H, H, are converted into Awireless signals of frequencies 5 'end 3; ssid waves are selectivgreceived by the receiving conductor V, its socisted sppsrstus st Xk and srs rproduced ss wire signals atithe relsys 14 1 s i circuit srrpn|e ments of the 'two-ws dduble duplex wireless relsying system Y are identicsl with those shown in detsilin Fig. 3, snd it will be understood ot course' thst esch line I, I" dac. st Y Y' msy be pra vided with the wsy ststion apparatus shown stitinF' .3.

A shown in Fig. 6 to its full capacity sn will obvious thst eight operators required for working the quadruple: thu:

s the method of s' sl' breaki v, sting, se., i. idsniii wit um neig-mmm in ilisdruplex wire trsnsmission. thst 8, I have substituted, ina'msnner and be obvious, four single wire lines for the two duplex lines shown in Fig. 6. In Fig. 8 the opsrstion of the key K'connected with the transmitting system lst X by the wir. line I, causes the rsdistion of waves of uenoy..10" and the o ration o key Kgnuscs the rsdstion of vives of frequsn 7. The rece fqumcm 5u .ndu n,

res tivel csuses the ope poc y rstion of the receiving relays 20 and 20.- It will be understood thst when the system shown in Fig. 8 is substituted for the tem shown st the termine) ststioiis X snd of Fig. 6, the two-wey double-duplex or qusdruplex wireless relnymgsystem Y Y if employed will be the ssniein structure ss those shown in Fig.

Fig. 9 `shows the circuit smingements of one oi the duplex wireless systems shown in Fig. 8, and it will beuiiderstood oi course, es

ion of waves ofV oxplsined shove in connection with Fig. 7, that the system shown in Fig. i) may bc 0p- -ersted inconjunction with sn identical system st s distsnt station, either with or'without the interposition of s reis ing s stein such ss shown st Y in Fig; l an Fig. In other words the systems own in F' 9 may be substituted for the terminsl ststion systems X and Z of Fig. l. It will vbe noted, however, thst while 1 shows a s stem which is diplex ss we ss duplex, ig. 9 shows s. system which l duplex only.'

Referring to Fi 9 theoperstion of the gusdruplex system, und which msy be rovided with s qusdru lex wireless telegrsp relsying stem Y inte between the termin s tstiom X snd Z'. The systeminF' .10 willst oncebeseen to'besn extension o the system shown in Fig, 6, in which the qusdruplsx wireless tem is operatively sssocisted with two dup wire sys-4 tems extension ot the system shown in Fig. 8 in which the qusdruplex wireless sys- ,tem is operatively associated with four s' le wire lines. As in the system represented Fig. 6, eighto raton: are uired if the ls tem shown'in loistobe ed toits cspscity. By e system shown'in Fig. 10', two messages msy be trsmmitted from z to` z b two operators, one'at eoch of the keys IL ,stzsndssidmeessges'willbetsken by two operstors st. the recciving'rels s 2l 14 st z; and simultaneously wit the gnnsmission of the oresaid two-m mztoz,twoo 'ermesssgesmsy transmitted from is to: b tivo operators, one st esich of the keys K, v at s snd these messages will be token b two operators at the receiving rslsys 2ll ans 14 et z.

.As specified above in connection with Fig.

6, the qusdruplex nelsying system lY Y'4 may be interposed between the terminal ststions X snd i. The perti'culsr t of relaying' system indicsted at Y Y on ig. 1.0 sn one section of which, namely Y, is shown in det-sil in Fig. 12 may of course ss will .rieisdilyv be sppsrent, substituted lior the particu lsr type of relsying system shown in Fig. 6,

jsnd viceversa.

By the operstion of the key K, st :r in Fig'. lili` the po e-ohsnginv key 22 'reverses the P0 srityvof the qu ru lex system I, and causes the sppsrstus l to operata Feier iliil e. ha wai so by station X, as above set forth.

relay hereinafter described, thereby eflecting the radiation of waves of frequency 10' By the operation of the atrengt 1-chan ring or Steamn key K, a Morse relay hereina ter de- L l scribed causes the operation of the apparatus indicated by H, and thereby effects the radiation of waves of freguency 7. The said waves of frequency 10 come into the receiving side of the relaying system Y and 10 b the apparatus designated as H', effect tge operation of a 'pole-chanmgrkey, thereby reversing the anty of t er iplex Ime I,

and causiu a po ar relay to operate the ap-V paratus im ieated as' H.. The operation of '1s said apparatus causes the radiation of waves of-.frequency 4 from the'transmitting side of the'rclay Y and said waves are received by the elevated receiving conductor system V,'

thereby causing the apparatus indi.-

at L 20 cated at H, to operate a pole-changing keyv and reverse the polarity of the quadruplex system L.' Said reversal of polarity operates t e receiving polar relay 21.

The aforesaid waves of frequency 7 come :s into the receiving aide of the relaying system Y and by the apparatus designater as 11, effect the operation of a Stearns key thereby varying the etrengthpf the current of the l1- plex line I, and causing a Morse relay to o 3o erate the apparatus indicated as 11,. T le operation o tion of waves of frequencyv ,l" fromy the transmitting aide of the relay Y and said waves are received b the elevated receiving conductor system V at Z, thereby causing theapparatus indicated at H, to lo rate a Stearns key and v the'strength o the current in the quadrup ex system I..l Said variation of current o rates the receiving 40 Morse relay 14. i At t ie same time that the o'perations above. set forth are taking place, t e operation of the keys K, K., atzmay -cause the radiation, respectively, of waves of frequencies 8 and 6 from V and said waves will bo received by the vertical V,"

and relayed to X as waves of frequencies 5 and 3 respcctivel Said waves of freuencies "5 and 3 will beroceivcd by the e evated receiving conductorgsystem Vl' at X and by the apparatus H., H -fcause-the energization of the polar rally 2"1"'and. the Morse rela Matz.

e circuit arrangements'for the terminal station X are shown in detail in Fig. 1:1, and

it will be understood that the apparatus at the terminal station Z is identical with that at station X except that the frequencies transmitted and received by station Z are different from those transmitted and received In Fi r. 11, I, represents a bridge quadro-- plex alt ou h of course it will be understood that an ot 1er kind of -quadru lex, such as the di erential, may be emp oyed.- Inns- 66 much as my invention does not consist in the said apparatuaeanses the radisbe operated by existia f multiplex wire ayatems. I have adopted t 1e particular form of 70 quad shown in Fig. 11, as well as the particular form of duplex shown in Fig. 7 merely'as illustrative of the principles of my invention. In this connection itis of course to be under- I stood that the various devices now employed I5 in quadruplex systems for tiding over the moments of no magnetism in the Morse rela s due to distant end reversals ot polarity by t ie pole-chan 'ing keys are to be employed with the quadrup ex system shown in big. l1', 80 although for the purposes of simplifying the drawings auch devices are not shown.

In the aforesaid bridge quadruplex system 1 it, it, are the bridge resistances and between their outer terminals at the station :c

is connected a branch serially incxuding the. polar relay 21 and the Morse relay 14, which control respcctivel the Sounders 25 and 26. A't the wireless on( of the aforesaid quadruplex a branch is connected across theouter 9o terminals of the bridge reaistances and includes the polar relay 27 and Morserslay 1G. As indicated the, lar relay mayoperatethe relay 28 which wiign energized closes the circuit of tiie generator A and thereby effects the radiation of waves of frequency l0. The Morse relay lfi whcnenefgizcd causes its armature 30 to close -thecircuit of the gcnerator A and thereby effects the radiation of waves of fre uency 7". 100

The bran which includes the relays 21 and 14 being'connected between points of zero differc'nco of potential for currents from the batterica B., said relays are not affected b the operation of the krys'K, K1. 105v T e closure of the keyk encrgizcs the magnet 31 and thereby causes the polechanger 22. to break contact with the spring 23 and make contact with spring 23, raising said spring 23 from its coi'iperating contact'llo and permitting spring 23 to strike said cooperating coutact. These operations reverse the connections of the batte! B5, or the batteries B, and B4, with the ine and earth E. The normal position of the key K, as shown connects the battery B5 to the system and when said key is depressed both batteries B,s and B areV connected to the system. The line wire I, connects the ou tcr end of the quadruplex to the apparatus whereby the wireless receiving system at X is associated with the wire system, as indicated in Fig. 11 by showing the ends of I, in dotted lines. Referring now to vthe. wireless roceivin system 'at X, signal waves of frc- 126 i neueres 5" and 3 operate.y respectively tie detectors Pand l" associated with rosonantreceivingr circuits attuned rcspcctivciy to said frequencies. 'll-ie operation of d.ctector P`causesrthc encrgizatmn'of magnet 5 130 

